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Ganglion Cysts

Overview
Symptoms
Treatments
Recovery

Ganglion Cysts

Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands. They can also appear on the ankles or feet. These cysts are filled with a thick, jelly-like fluid that resembles the synovial fluid found inside joints. 



Ganglion cysts are usually round or oval and can vary in size. While the exact cause of ganglion cysts is not fully understood, they are believed to form when synovial fluid leaks from a joint or tendon sheath and collects in a sac. Most ganglion cysts are harmless and may disappear on their own, but they can sometimes cause discomfort or interfere with joint movement.
Ganglion/Cysts
Symptoms
The symptoms of ganglion cysts can vary depending on their size and location but commonly include:

  • Visible Lump (the most apparent symptom of a ganglion cyst is a noticeable lump on the wrist, hand, foot, or ankle. The cyst is usually round or oval and can range in size from as small as a pea to as large as a golf ball)
  • Pain or Discomfort (while many ganglion cysts are painless, some can cause pain or discomfort, especially if they press on a nerve. The pain may be sharp or aching and can worsen with joint movement or repetitive use of the affected area)
  • Tingling or Numbness (if a ganglion cyst compresses a nerve, it may lead to tingling, numbness, or a sense of weakness in the affected area)
  • Reduced Range of Motion (larger cysts or cysts located near a joint may restrict movement or make certain activities difficult, especially if the cyst becomes irritated or inflamed)

Treatments

Treatment for a ganglion cyst depends on its size, location, and the level of discomfort or functional impairment it causes. Several treatment options are available, ranging from non-surgical to surgical methods:
Observation
If the cyst is small and does not cause pain or interfere with joint function, no treatment may be necessary. Many ganglion cysts resolve on their own, and observation with regular monitoring is often recommended.
Aspiration
For symptomatic ganglion cysts, aspiration can be performed. This minimally invasive procedure involves inserting a needle into the cyst and draining the fluid. Aspiration is typically done in a doctor's office under local anesthesia. While aspiration can provide relief, cysts often recur because the underlying sac is not removed.
Surgical Excision
If a ganglion cyst is painful, recurrent, or interferes with daily activities, surgical removal (excision) may be necessary. The procedure involves making an incision over the cyst and carefully removing the cyst along with its stalk or base to reduce the chance of recurrence. Surgical excision can be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the cyst's size and location.

Recovery

Recovery after treatment for a ganglion cyst depends on the procedure performed and the individual's overall health.
Post-Aspiration Recovery
Recovery after aspiration is typically quick, with most patients experiencing immediate relief of symptoms. A bandage may be applied to the area to protect it, and patients are usually advised to avoid strenuous activities for a short period to prevent recurrence. However, there is a high chance of the cyst returning, and repeat aspiration or further treatment may be required.
Post-Surgical Recovery
Recovery from surgical excision typically takes a few weeks. The affected area may be immobilized with a splint or bandage for a short period to protect the incision and promote healing. Sutures are usually removed within 1 to 2 weeks. Physical therapy may be recommended to restore strength and flexibility. Full recovery time varies but generally ranges from several weeks to a few months.
Long-Term Management
While surgery reduces the likelihood of recurrence, ganglion cysts can return. Patients are advised to monitor the area for signs of recurrence and seek medical advice if new symptoms develop. Additionally, avoiding repetitive stress or trauma to the affected area can help minimize the risk of recurrence.